Brick-kiln



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

F. .W. DENNIS.

BRICK KILN.

No. 396,733. Patented Jan. 29, 1889.

\A/iTNE-SEEEI T1572 INVENTDH' a Fradeiz cfi flen'nig,

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Hi5 ATTUHNEY.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

P. W. DENNIS.

BRIGK-KILN. No. 396,733. Patented Jan. 29,

If a i M m m H Ml um 4 4 mu Im a: 7 M m INVENTUH Frederpfldlkalbnflii H|5 ATTEIHNEY.

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BRICK Kata.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 396,733, dated January 29, 1889.

Application filed May 19, 1888. Serial No. 274,402. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK WALTER DENNIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Beatrice, in the county of Gage and State of Nebraska, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Double Brick and Tile Kiln; and I do declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyin drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention has relation to brick and tile kilns; and it consists in the novel construction and arrangement of its parts, hereinafter fully described in this specification, and set out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the kiln. Fig. 2 is a view looking down into the bottom of body of the kiln, the top being out off at the line so Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 1, cut 011 the line y y. (Shown in Fig. 2.) Fig. 4E is a view looking down on the under part or base of the kiln, showing the man-holes, firepits, and fire and heat fines. .Fi and 6 are detail views.

A represents the round part of the kiln with a downdraft made of common brick when the kiln is to burn common brick; but when it is built to burn tile or fire brick the inside must be built of fire-brick.

The round part of the kiln represented in the accompanying drawings has four flamepockets, 2, and one flame-wall, 3, which wall fills the place of two fla1ne-pockets These flame-pockets are placed an equal distance from each other of about twelve feet. Said pockets are about two feet deep, four feet wide, and seven feet high. Said pockets have each five heat holes three in front and one on each side. The heat passes up through said pockets and through said holes and out of the top of said pockets before it can pass through to the cent-er of the material that is being burned in the kiln.

The bottom of the kiln is made with dues 4., radiating from the center to the outside, and shorter flucs also radiatingfrom the center to the inside of the wall, with short crossflues 4: 7

running close to the said wall. These flues are about one foot deep by about one foot wide, and are entirely independent of the said fire-boxes.

The bottom of the kiln is built of brick and the flues a are also built of brick. Under neath the floor D, immediately above the dotted line .2 2, in the center of the bottom of the kiln, is a pit, 5, about four feet in diameter by four feet deep, into which all of the flues run. The said pit is for the purpose of letting a man into when cleaning out the fines. The main flue 6 also starts from said pit and runs thence through the second kiln B O, and thence into the stack E. I

The main kiln A is run by six lire-boxes, 7, on the outside of the wall of said kiln, and are built of good brick and are arched over by arches I). These fire-boxes are about three and one-half feet deep by about four feet wide, and are about four feet ten inches long, and about three feet four inches of their length runs under the kiln, leaving about one foot and one-half on the outside of the wall. These figures give the clear inside of the said boxes. At the outer end of each of the said lire-boxes 7 is a man-hole, 8, about four by four feet, and about four feet deep. These man-holes are for the purpose of clearing out the ashes, &c., and to give the necessary air for draft. At the bottom of the said fire-boxes are placed two cross-bars, which are laid stationary in the wall. at the time of building the said boxes. One is laid flush with the outside ends of the boxes, and the other is laid one foot from the inside end of the same, leaving a space, 9, between them and the bottom of end wall of the said boxes, so as to leave sufficient room for several straight fire-bars, 10, pushed in over the said cross-bars, which form the bottom of the said fire-boxes. Under each of these fireboxes is a pit about four feet wide by about four feet ten inches long and about one and one-half foot deep for the ashes to fall into. The fuel that is burned in said fire-boxes is shoveled into them through the small openings d through the arch I) over the top of the fireboXes close to the walls of the kiln, which are about one foot square. hen fired, there must be a large fire-brick or iron door laid over each of these openings, so as to keep in the heat.

The main kiln A has two doors, 11, opposite each other, one on each side of the kiln. These doors are to provide for the loading and the unloading of the kiln, and are built up and plastered every time the kiin is filled for burning. The small openings 12 are to look through the kiln while burning to see when the material is suificiently burned.

B C is the other part of the kiln, which is oblong and is also arched over. It is about thirty feet long, about twelve feet wide, and about twelve feet high. It has a flame-wall, 6, about two feet from the square part of the round kiln A.

As stated above, the main flue (5 starts from the center 5 of the round kiln, and the heat and draft pass up over said flame-wall and through the material in the part B of the said oblong division. On the top of said flame-wall is a slanting cap, 13, which is to divide the heat as it comes from the said main flue 6. That part of the main flue (3 between the fire-wall 3 of the partA of the kiln and its square part is covered by a slanting cap, f, so that the heat which passes along said main flue does not pass up at this point into the main kiln, but is carried into the oblong part up through an opening, f, under the slanting cap f. The said flame-wall e in. the oblong. kiln acts on it the same .as the flame-wall 3, and flame-pockets 2 act on the round kiln, giving a downdraft. The said oblong part B C of the kiln has another flamewall, g, across its center, which divides the same into two equal parts. Near the bottom of said wall 1 are three openings, 71, for the purpose of conductinga part of the heat and draft into the other or second part, 0, of said oblong division, and at the top of this said wall g are four openings, 7L, to take the bal ance of the heat and discharge it as a downdraft through the openings 14 in third and last apartment.

On each side of the kiln B C are two fireboxes 7, exactly similar to the other fireboXes 7 above described. Said fire-boxes are side by side, but are separated by a wall, and are for the purpose of burning the smoke and to assist in burning the kiln equal with the material in the round kiln. In the corners of the parts B C, against the flame-wall g, are four fiame-pocketstwo oneaeh side of said wall. In the apartment next to the round kiln the said pockets f are about four feet high and about four feet wide and about two feet deep, and in the third and last apartment, 0, the said pockets areabout seven feet high. The reason why these first two pockets just mentioned are only four feet high is that only small fires are needed in this part of the kiln, and also to burn the lower mate rial. If they were any higher, the four upper openings, h, in the division-wall g would take too 'much of the heat from this part of the kiln. V

In the extreme front end of the kiln next by a ball and chain.

the smoke-stack E are three small fiue-holes, 14-, the center one being over the main flue (i and leading into the smoke-stack. The other two are side fines or canals leading into the main. flue. These fines ll are for the purpose of drawing the heat to the extreme corners of this part of the kiln. To the last-mentioned fire-boxes are dampers 15-two on each side of the oblong part of the kilnto regulate the fires, as the draft here is so great as to interfere with the drafts in the round kiln if not regulated by dampers. Near the smoke-stack E is a damper, 16, in the main fine 6 operated This damper is to regulate the whole system of drafts.

The walls of the oblong part B C of the kiln should be heavier than the wall of the round part, for the reason that it has not the same facility for expansion, and should be not less than two feet thick. The walls are also protected by six abutments, 17t'w'o against each side and two against the forward end. At the rear end of the oblong part of the kiln, next the round part, are two heavy i-ron rods or bars, 1.8, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) built in the cross-wall 23 across the kiln in the masonry and on a line with the iron bands 19 that surround the round kiln. Said rods or bars 18 have an eye on each end, into which the bands hook and double back 011 said bands, and are secured by bolts and nuts 22. Said bands have a buckle-nut, 20, or similar screw arrangement at the front part of the kiln for tightening or loosening them, as the case may require, during the contraction and expansion of the kiln while burning.

Should the locality where the kiln is built be very damp and wet, so as to interfere with the fire-boxes being dug in the ground, they may be built near the top of the ground and the flues may be built wider and not so deep, and they will answer nearly the same :pur pose.

The smoke-stack E is about five by five feet inside, with an air-chamber inside to prevent its burning, and is fifty or more feet high.

The dimensions as given above are intended more to give the proportionate dimensions of the several parts than to determine the size of a kiln.

A kiln maybe built much larger or smaller than the one just described; but the relative proportions should be observed.

Should it be advisable to build a pair of "these kilnsone on either side of the smokestackthe smokestack must be built proportionally larger, with a dividing-wall up through the center.

Both parts of the kiln A and B O are arched over, and have openings 21 near the top 'to allow for cooling off when the burning is fin ished; but while the burning is going on said openings must be closed up air-'tigh-t.

The fiaine-walls may be made of raw material every time the kiln is filled, thereby-not only being less expensive in first cost but IIO 2. In combination with the round part A, substantially as described, and having the main flue 6, opening f and cap f, the oblong kilnB C, substantially as described having the fla1ne-wall e, and slanting cap 13,substantially as shown and descrilmd, and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I alfix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FREDERICK WALTER DENNIS.

Witnesses GEORGE C. OEDEW'ALTT,

R. P. CLAUssEN. 

